be + p.p. (passive)
规则be + 过去分词:聚焦动作的承受者;施动者可选(by + 施动者)。
好奇
「The team completed the project」与「The project was completed (by the team)」。为何要倒过来?
直觉
当施动者未知、明显或不重要时,被动态把承受者提到前面。动词变为 be + 过去分词。
可视化
看被动句的成分:主语(承受者)与「be + 过去分词」高亮,「by + 施动者」变暗(可省略)。
被动态 = be + 过去分词,承受者成为主语。
The reportwas writtenby the team
本质
时态体现在 be 上(is / was / will be / has been + 过去分词)。只有及物动词能变被动。TOEIC Part 5 考查 be 的一致与正确的过去分词形式。
例句
The contract was signed yesterday.
合同昨天已签署。
All packages are inspected before shipping.
所有包裹在发货前都会被检查。
The new policy will be announced next week.
新政策将于下周公布。
小测验
「The annual report ___ by the finance team every January.」填哪个?