sonata
/səˈnɑːtə/·소나타·noun
奏鸣曲
FrenchCEFR B2
词根
Italian 'sonata' (a piece played), feminine past participle of 'sonare' (to sound) ← Latin 'sonare' (to sound)
Latin sonare (to sound) → Italian sonata (a sounded piece, as opposed to cantata = a sung piece) → English sonata (17th c.)
一句话
拉丁 sonare = "发声"。意大利语将其变为阴性过去分词 sonata ──"已被奏出之作"。 当时音乐分为 cantata (被唱之作) 与 sonata (被奏之作) ──"被唱"与"被奏"。 同源拉丁 sonare ── sonata (被奏之作)、sonorous (朗朗作响)、sound (拉丁词渡入日耳曼成英语 sound 的姊妹)、resonate (再响=共鸣)。 贝多芬"月光奏鸣曲"一曲内,"发声"这一拉丁动词流淌三十二分钟。
例句
Beethoven wrote 32 piano sonatas.
贝多芬写了三十二首钢琴奏鸣曲。
The "Moonlight Sonata" is famous.
"月光奏鸣曲"广为人知。
She practiced a violin sonata.
她在练习一首小提琴奏鸣曲。
同根词
sonatinasonoroussoundresonatecantata