grade 7 Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Earth is home to countless organisms that look and live in different ways. They sort into five kingdoms—animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria—and ranks narrow from kingdom to species. Vertebrates split into fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, with traits like body-temperature control. Tap the kingdom buttons and the ranks and vertebrate table line up the diversity.

How Are Organisms Classified?

💡 Five Kingdoms

①Animalia: moves on its own, eats other organisms

②Plantae: makes food via photosynthesis

③Fungi: reproduces by spores, acts as decomposer (mushrooms, molds)

④Protista: single-celled or simple multicellular (amoeba)

⑤Monera: single-celled organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotes)

Levels of Classification

Classification Levels

Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

Higher = broader; lower = more similar organisms

🔍 Mnemonic for Levels

①KPCOFGS = Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species

②Top: broad (Animalia includes countless animals)

③Bottom: narrow (species ≈ nearly identical organisms)

④Same species = can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Species Diversity

Five Vertebrate Classes

Vertebrate Classification

Class	Respiration	Body Temp	Examples
Fish	Gills	Cold-blooded	Goldfish, shark
Amphibian	Lungs + skin	Cold-blooded	Frog, salamander
Reptile	Lungs	Cold-blooded	Snake, turtle
Bird	Lungs (air sacs)	Warm-blooded	Sparrow, eagle
Mammal	Lungs	Warm-blooded	Human, whale

🦎 Vertebrate Essentials

①Cold-blooded: fish, amphibians, reptiles

②Warm-blooded: birds, mammals

③Amphibians live both in water and on land

④Whales live in water but are mammals (lung breathing, nurse young)

Exam Key Points

Core Summary

Biodiversity = genetic + species + ecosystem diversity

Conserving diversity is key to ecosystem stability

🎯 Exam Key Points

①5 kingdoms: Animalia · Plantae · Fungi · Protista · Monera

②Levels: KPCOFGS

③Species criterion: can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

④Cold- vs warm-blooded: body-temperature regulation

⑤Why preserve biodiversity: ecosystem stability, medicine and food resources. Rank names and scientific names are on Biological Classification System

Examples and Unit Test

Example 1

Among the five kingdoms, which group makes its own food by photosynthesis, and which group reproduces by spores as a decomposer like mushrooms and molds?

The five kingdoms are Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Bacteria (prokaryotes).

The group that makes food by photosynthesis is Plantae, and the group that reproduces by spores and acts as a decomposer is Fungi.

▸ Plantae / Fungi

The five kingdoms are divided by observable features such as photosynthesis, movement, and cell traits.

Example 2

In the classification ranks kingdom → phylum → class → order → family → genus → species, which rank is the broadest and which is the narrowest?

The ranks are broader toward the top and group more similar organisms in a narrower range toward the bottom.

So the broadest rank is kingdom and the narrowest is species.

▸ Broadest = kingdom / narrowest = species

Kingdom is broadest and species is narrowest; toward the bottom, organisms with more similar features are grouped.

Unit-test style

Which statement about classifying organisms is correct?

①Plantae gets its food by eating other organisms

②In the ranks, species is a narrower range than kingdom

③Fungi make food by photosynthesis

④Bacteria are made of cells that have a nucleus

⑤In the ranks, species is the broadest range

▸ ② In the ranks, species is a narrower range than kingdom

Kingdom is the broadest rank and species the narrowest, so species is a narrower range than kingdom.

Plantae makes food by photosynthesis (①), Fungi are decomposers, not photosynthetic (③), bacteria are prokaryotes without a nucleus (④), and kingdom is the broadest rank (⑤).

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