A fire needs three things together: fuel, oxygen, and heat above the ignition point.
Take away any one and it goes out, so water cools a fire and a blanket blocks its oxygen.
If a fire starts, shout out, call 119, stay low, cover mouth and nose with a wet towel, and leave by the stairs.
Take each part out of the fire triangle and the idea behind each tool comes into view.
What does fire need?
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Fire triangle — three conditions for combustion
🔥 3 Elements of Combustion
①Fuel: wood, paper, oil, etc.
②Oxygen: in the air
③Heat above ignition point: must be hot enough
④Remove any one and fire goes out
How to put out a fire
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Different fire-fighting tools and their principles
🧯 Extinguishing Principles
①Cooling: spray water to lower temperature
②Smothering: cover with blanket to block oxygen
③Removal: take fuel away
④Extinguisher: powder or gas puts fire out
⑤Use an extinguisher in this order: pin → nozzle → handle
Fire Evacuation Tips
🚨 When a fire breaks out
①Shout "Fire!" loudly
②Call 119
③Move low (smoke rises)
④Cover nose and mouth with a wet towel
⑤Use stairs, not the elevator
Summary
3 Elements of Combustion
Fire = Fuel + Oxygen + Heat above ignition
All three are needed for fire
Extinguishing Principle
Extinguish = remove one of the 3 elements
Cool (water) / Smother (blanket) / Remove (fuel)
Evacuation Principles
Low posture + wet towel + use stairs
Avoid smoke and evacuate safely
🎯 Key Points
①Combustion needs fuel + oxygen + heat
②Remove any one to extinguish
③Extinguisher: pin → nozzle → handle
④In a fire: call 119, evacuate low
⑤Always know your evacuation route
Examples and Unit Test
Example 1
A candle was covered with a glass cup and went out shortly after. Why did it go out?
1
For fire to burn, it needs fuel, oxygen, and a temperature at or above the ignition point.
2
The glass cup blocks the air, so no more oxygen gets in and the fire goes out.
▸ Because the oxygen was cut off (smothering)
If even one of the three elements of combustion is missing, the fire goes out.
Example 2
Why is water effective for putting out a fire on wood and paper?
1
When water touches fire it takes away heat, lowering the temperature below the ignition point.
2
When the temperature drops, the heat condition needed for burning is gone and the fire goes out (cooling).
▸ Because water lowers the temperature (cooling)
Water puts out fire by lowering temperature; a blanket does so by blocking oxygen.
Unit-test style
Which statement about putting out a fire is correct?
①Supplying more oxygen puts the fire out
②Removing the fuel puts the fire out
③Raising the temperature puts the fire out
④Combustion does not need oxygen
⑤Fire catches easily even below the ignition point
▸ ② Removing the fuel puts the fire out
1
Removing any one of the three elements (fuel, oxygen, heat) puts the fire out, so removing the fuel works (fuel removal).
2
Oxygen must be cut off, not added (①); temperature must be lowered (③); combustion does need oxygen (④); and fire only catches at or above the ignition point (⑤).