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Grade 2 (age 7-8)

grade 2 Three-digit Numbers

Three-digit Numbers

A three-digit number is built from three places: hundreds, tens, and ones. For example, 365 means three 100s, six 10s, and five 1s, the same as 300 plus 60 plus 5. Apartment numbers and page numbers often go past 100; the same digit is worth a different amount depending on where it sits, and that is what place value means. Change the number with the slider, look at how many blocks sit in the hundreds, tens, and ones columns, and compare two numbers by the length of their bars.

World of Numbers Bigger than 100

A digit is not worth the same amount in every slot. Put 3 in the hundreds slot and it is 300; put that same 3 in the ones slot and it is just 3. When you write a three-digit number, the left slot is hundreds, the middle is tens, and the right is ones, so you can split the number into how many 100s, 10s, and 1s you gathered. You need that split first, because later when you compare two numbers you are not asking which digit looks bigger. You are asking which slot is carrying more.

🏠 Think of Apartment Numbers!
①301, 502 — many are 3-digit numbers
②Count how many 100s, 10s, 1s
③Knowing place values lets you read big numbers

Place Value Blocks

365

At the top of the first picture the three-digit number from the slider is written large, and below it the hundreds, tens, and ones sit in three columns. The left column holds gold squares labeled 100, as many as the hundreds digit. The middle holds tall blue sticks for the tens digit, and the right holds green dots for the ones digit. The equation at the bottom is hundreds count × 100 + tens count × 10 + ones count × 1, matching the number above. Change the slider and only those counts are drawn again; the squares, sticks, and dots stay where they are. In the second picture the two numbers are drawn as bars scaled against 999, and underneath you see both numbers with >, <, or = between them.

💡 What is Place Value?
①Hundreds digit → how many 100s
②Tens digit → how many 10s
③Ones digit → how many 1s

Comparing Numbers

It is easy to pick the number that shows a 9 in the ones place and call that the larger one. Size for a three-digit number starts at the left slot, and if the hundreds digits differ that side is already larger. You only look at the tens when the hundreds match, and only then at the ones. A 9 in the ones slot is just 9; a 4 in the other number's hundreds slot is 400. How big the written digit looks and how much that slot is worth are not the same question.

425
398
⚖️ How to Compare Sizes
①Compare hundreds digit first
②If equal, compare tens
③If still equal, compare ones
④The 9 in 398 may look bigger, but 425 is larger

Summary

3-digit Composition
Hundreds × 100 + Tens × 10 + Ones × 1
Multiply each digit by its place value, then sum
3-digit Range
100 ~ 999 (smallest: 100, largest: 999)
3-digit numbers go from 100 to 999
🎯 Remember!
①3-digit numbers: 100 to 999
②The hundreds place is worth the most. The digit written there is not always the biggest digit
③Compare from highest place down
④Same digit in different places = different value
⑤365 → 3 hundreds, 6 tens, 5 ones

Examples and Unit Test

Example 1
What 3-digit number has 4 in the hundreds, 7 in the tens, and 2 in the ones place?
1
Find each place value: 4×100 = 400, 7×10 = 70, 2×1 = 2.
2
Add them all: 400 + 70 + 2 = 472.
472
A 3-digit number = (hundreds)×100 + (tens)×10 + (ones)×1.
Example 2
Which is greater, 583 or 561?
1
Compare from the highest place. Both have 5 in the hundreds place.
2
Compare the tens: 8 > 6, so 583 is greater.
583 (583 > 561)
Compare sizes in order: hundreds → tens → ones.
Unit Test
What number is made of 6 hundreds, 3 tens, and 8 ones?
368
638
836
683
② 638
1
6 hundreds = 600, 3 tens = 30, 8 ones = 8.
2
600 + 30 + 8 = 638.