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単語帳
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TOEIC
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ビジネス語彙
TOEIC · ビジネス語彙
TOEIC 統合ビジネス語彙1340語 — Lv.1〜Lv.4 (600〜900点台) を一つのプールで。8領域に分け、各領域内をアルファベット順に展開、レベルタグで絞り込み。
全体 (1340)
Lv.1 (600点) (292)
Lv.2 (700点) (458)
Lv.3 (800点) (198)
Lv.4 (900点) (392)
営業
168
accelerate
verb
Lv.3
speed up · hasten
acquire
verb
Lv.1
obtain · take over
acquisition
noun
Lv.2
gaining customers · winning over
aftermarket
noun
Lv.4
secondary market · after-sales market
allotment
noun
Lv.4
assigned share · quota
allowance
noun
Lv.2
permitted amount · set sum
annex
verb
Lv.4
absorb · incorporate
attainment
noun
Lv.4
achievement · fulfillment
backorder
noun
Lv.2
pending order · awaited order
bargain
noun
Lv.1
good deal · steal
barter
verb
Lv.4
trade by exchange · swap
bestseller
noun
Lv.2
top seller · hit product
bid
noun
Lv.2
offer · price proposal
brinkmanship
noun
Lv.4
hardball tactics · edge-pushing
broker
verb
Lv.3
mediate · arrange
brokerage
noun
Lv.2
intermediary firm · matchmaking fee
bundle
noun
Lv.2
package · combined set
buyer
noun
Lv.1
purchaser · procurer
cadence
noun
Lv.4
rhythm · tempo
canvass
verb
Lv.4
solicit · poll
capitulation
noun
Lv.4
surrender · giving in
capture
verb
Lv.1
seize · win
churn
noun
Lv.2
customer loss · attrition
clearance
noun
Lv.2
stock liquidation · sell-off
client
noun
Lv.1
customer · account
clientele
noun
Lv.4
customer base · patrons
clienteling
noun
Lv.4
personalized customer cultivation · one-to-one customer care
clinch
verb
Lv.3
secure · finalize
close
verb
Lv.1
finalize · clinch
closeout
noun
Lv.4
clearance · liquidation sale
closing
noun
Lv.2
sealing the deal · finalizing
closure
noun
Lv.3
finalization · completion
cold-call
verb
Lv.4
call without an appointment · solicit by phone
commission
noun
Lv.1
percentage · cut
commissionable
adjective
Lv.4
eligible for commission · commission-earning
commodity
noun
Lv.3
raw good · staple product
concession
noun
Lv.3
compromise · a granted point
consignment
noun
Lv.2
goods held for sale · entrusted stock
consumer
noun
Lv.1
buyer · end user
contract
noun
Lv.1
agreement · deal
conversion
noun
Lv.2
turning into a sale · closing ratio
convert
verb
Lv.2
turn into a buyer · transform
court
verb
Lv.4
woo · pursue
covenant
noun
Lv.4
binding pledge · formal commitment
cross-sell
verb/noun
Lv.2
sell alongside · add-on sell
cultivate
verb
Lv.3
nurture · develop
customer
noun
Lv.1
buyer · patron
dealership
noun
Lv.2
authorized seller · brand outlet
dealmaker
noun
Lv.4
negotiator · broker
demarcate
verb
Lv.4
delimit · mark off
discount
noun
Lv.1
price cut · markdown
discounter
noun
Lv.4
discount retailer · low-price seller
disqualify
verb
Lv.3
rule out · screen out
distributor
noun
Lv.2
distribution partner · channel
distributorship
noun
Lv.4
distribution rights · a dealership franchise
divestiture
noun
Lv.4
sell-off · disposal
dominate
verb
Lv.3
lead · command
downsell
verb
Lv.4
offer a cheaper option · step down
downturn
noun
Lv.3
decline · slump
dropship
verb
Lv.4
ship directly from supplier · sell without stock
entice
verb
Lv.3
lure · tempt
exclusivity
noun
Lv.4
sole rights · exclusiveness
expand
verb
Lv.1
grow · broaden
forbearance
noun
Lv.4
leniency · restraint
franchise
noun
Lv.2
licensed branch · branded outlet
franchisee
noun
Lv.4
franchise holder · licensed operator
fulfillment
noun
Lv.2
order completion · delivery
galvanize
verb
Lv.4
energize · rally
haggle
verb
Lv.4
bargain · barter
hawk
verb
Lv.4
peddle · tout
incentive
noun
Lv.2
reward · motivator
indemnification
noun
Lv.4
compensation · reimbursement for loss
inducement
noun
Lv.4
incentive · enticement
intensify
verb
Lv.3
heighten · step up
inventory
noun
Lv.1
stock · goods on hand
kiosk
noun
Lv.2
stall · self-service stand
land
verb
Lv.2
secure · win
lead
noun
Lv.1
prospect · tip
leverage
verb/noun
Lv.2
use · capitalize on
logistics
noun
Lv.2
supply chain · movement planning
loyalist
noun
Lv.4
devoted customer · repeat buyer
lure
verb
Lv.4
entice · tempt
margin
noun
Lv.2
profit gap · breathing room
markdown
noun
Lv.2
price reduction · lowered price
markup
noun
Lv.2
added margin · price increase
materialize
verb
Lv.3
come about · take shape
merchant
noun
Lv.1
trader · dealer
mobilize
verb
Lv.3
marshal · rally
monetize
verb
Lv.3
turn into revenue · commercialize
monopolize
verb
Lv.4
corner · control entirely
negotiable
adjective
Lv.3
open to discussion · flexible
negotiate
verb
Lv.1
bargain · work out terms
order
noun
Lv.1
request · purchase requisition
outbid
verb
Lv.4
bid higher than · top a bid
outlet
noun
Lv.2
discount store · surplus shop
outmaneuver
verb
Lv.4
outwit · outsmart
outsell
verb
Lv.3
outperform · sell more than
overdeliver
verb
Lv.4
exceed expectations · go beyond
overstock
noun
Lv.2
surplus stock · excess inventory
overture
noun
Lv.4
opening offer · approach
patronage
noun
Lv.4
custom · customer support
peddle
verb
Lv.4
hawk · vend
penetrate
verb
Lv.3
break into · gain entry to
pipeline
noun
Lv.2
deal flow · prospect queue
pitch
noun
Lv.1
presentation · sales talk
pivot
verb
Lv.3
shift · change direction
point of sale
noun
Lv.4
checkout location · place where a sale is completed
portfolio
noun
Lv.2
range held · set of holdings
premium
noun
Lv.2
extra cost · higher-tier price
preorder
noun
Lv.2
advance order · reservation
presell
verb
Lv.4
sell in advance · sell ahead of release
pricing
noun
Lv.1
price-setting · rate structure
propagate
verb
Lv.4
spread · disseminate
proposal
noun
Lv.1
offer · plan
proposition
noun
Lv.3
offer · proposed deal
prospect
noun
Lv.1
potential client · lead
prospecting
noun
Lv.2
searching for leads · finding buyers
purchase
noun/verb
Lv.1
buy · acquisition
quota
noun
Lv.1
target · allotment
quotation
noun
Lv.3
price quote · estimate
quote
noun
Lv.1
estimate · price quotation
rebate
noun
Lv.2
partial refund · money back
reciprocity
noun
Lv.4
mutual exchange · give-and-take
referral
noun
Lv.1
recommendation · word of mouth
refund
noun
Lv.1
repayment · money back
remuneration
noun
Lv.4
payment · compensation
renewal
noun
Lv.2
extension · continuation
reorder
verb
Lv.2
order again · restock
repeat business
noun
Lv.3
returning customers · recurring sales
repudiation
noun
Lv.4
rejection · disavowal
rescission
noun
Lv.4
cancellation · annulment
reseller
noun
Lv.2
middle seller · intermediary
restock
verb
Lv.2
replenish · refill stock
retail
verb
Lv.2
sell at retail · market to consumers
retailer
noun
Lv.1
shop · store
retention
noun
Lv.2
keeping customers · holding on
revenue
noun
Lv.1
income · earnings
salesmanship
noun
Lv.4
selling skill · persuasiveness
salesperson
noun
Lv.1
sales rep · sales clerk
shipment
noun
Lv.1
delivery · consignment
showroom
noun
Lv.2
display room · exhibition space
snag
verb
Lv.4
grab · secure
solicit
verb
Lv.3
request · seek out
solicitation
noun
Lv.4
canvassing · outreach
spearhead
verb
Lv.4
lead · drive
stipulation
noun
Lv.4
condition · requirement
storefront
noun
Lv.2
shop front · sales display
supplier
noun
Lv.1
provider · source
surcharge
noun
Lv.2
extra charge · added fee
surge
verb
Lv.2
soar · spike
syndicate
verb
Lv.4
distribute jointly · share among partners
tender
noun
Lv.2
formal bid · sealed offer
territory
noun
Lv.2
assigned area · sales region
turnaround
noun
Lv.2
completion time · response time
turnover
noun
Lv.2
total sales · throughput
undercut
verb
Lv.3
underprice · sell cheaper than
undersell
verb
Lv.4
undercut · sell cheaper than
underwriting
noun
Lv.4
risk assessment · risk backing
upmarket
adjective
Lv.4
high-end · premium
upsell
verb/noun
Lv.2
trade up · sell higher
upturn
noun
Lv.3
rise · recovery
vendor
noun
Lv.1
seller · supplier
walk-in
noun
Lv.2
drop-in customer · unscheduled visitor
warranty
noun
Lv.1
guarantee · coverage
wholesale
noun
Lv.1
bulk trade · trade selling
wholesaler
noun
Lv.2
distributor · bulk seller
winback
noun
Lv.4
customer recovery · reactivation
woo
verb
Lv.4
court · win over
財務
167
account
noun
Lv.1
bank record · holding
accretion
noun
Lv.4
gradual gain · incremental buildup
accrual
noun
Lv.4
earned-but-unpaid recognition · accumulation
accrue
verb
Lv.2
build up · accumulate
actuarial
adjective
Lv.4
relating to insurance risk calculation · risk-statistical
allocation
noun
Lv.2
apportionment · assigned share
amalgamation
noun
Lv.4
merger · consolidation
amass
verb
Lv.3
accumulate · pile up
amortization
noun
Lv.4
gradual write-down · phased repayment
amortize
verb
Lv.2
spread out · pay down gradually
annuity
noun
Lv.4
regular payout · fixed income stream
appreciate
verb
Lv.2
gain value · rise
appropriate
verb
Lv.3
allocate · designate
appropriation
noun
Lv.2
earmarked funds · set-aside sum
arbitrage
noun
Lv.4
price-gap trading · spread exploitation
arrears
noun
Lv.2
overdue payments · unpaid balance
asset
noun
Lv.1
holding · resource
auction
verb
Lv.2
sell by bidding · put up for bid
audit
noun
Lv.1
examination · review
bailout
noun
Lv.4
rescue funding · financial rescue
balance
noun
Lv.1
remainder · equilibrium
bankroll
verb
Lv.4
fund · finance
bill
verb
Lv.1
invoice · charge
bondholder
noun
Lv.4
bond investor · debt holder
bookkeeping
noun
Lv.3
account-keeping · record-keeping
breakeven
noun
Lv.2
even point · no-loss line
budget
noun/verb
Lv.1
funds · allocation
budgetary
adjective
Lv.4
related to the budget · spending-related
bullish
adjective
Lv.4
optimistic · upbeat
capital
noun
Lv.2
funds · seed money
capitalization
noun
Lv.3
market value · cost-to-asset recording
capitalize
verb
Lv.2
record as an asset · treat as capital
cash flow
noun
Lv.3
flow of funds · liquidity movement
clear
verb
Lv.1
process · finalize
collateral
noun
Lv.2
pledged security · guarantee
compound
verb
Lv.4
accumulate · build up
credit
noun
Lv.1
trust · deferred payment
creditor
noun
Lv.3
lender · claimant
creditworthy
adjective
Lv.4
solvent · reliable
currency
noun
Lv.1
money · legal tender
debenture
noun
Lv.4
unsecured bond · corporate note
debt
noun
Lv.1
liability · amount owed
debtor
noun
Lv.3
borrower · obligor
deduct
verb
Lv.2
subtract · take off
default
verb
Lv.2
fail to pay · renege
deficit
noun
Lv.2
shortfall · negative gap
defray
verb
Lv.4
cover the cost of · offset
deposit
noun
Lv.1
payment in · down payment
depreciate
verb
Lv.4
lose value · write down
depreciation
noun
Lv.2
loss of value · wear
derivative
noun
Lv.4
contingent instrument · underlying-based contract
devalue
verb
Lv.3
lower the value of · mark down
dilution
noun
Lv.4
ownership reduction · stake watering-down
disburse
verb
Lv.4
pay out · distribute
disbursement
noun
Lv.2
payout · release of funds
disclosure
noun
Lv.2
revealing · making public
diversify
verb
Lv.3
spread · vary
divest
verb
Lv.4
sell off · shed
dividend
noun
Lv.1
shareholder payout · profit share
drawdown
noun
Lv.4
fund withdrawal · value decline
earmark
verb
Lv.3
allocate · set aside
equity
noun
Lv.2
ownership share · net worth
escrow
noun
Lv.4
held deposit · trust holding
expenditure
noun
Lv.2
spending · outlay
expense
noun
Lv.1
cost · outlay
fiscal
adjective
Lv.2
financial-year · budgetary
fluctuate
verb
Lv.4
vary · swing
forecast
noun
Lv.1
projection · prediction
foreclose
verb
Lv.4
repossess for unpaid debt · seize collateral
forfeit
verb
Lv.4
give up · lose as a penalty
forfeiture
noun
Lv.4
loss as penalty · confiscation
fund
noun
Lv.1
reserve · pool of money
funding
noun
Lv.2
financial backing · money supply
garnishment
noun
Lv.4
wage withholding · court-ordered deduction
gross
verb
Lv.2
earn before deductions · take in
hedge
verb/noun
Lv.4
risk offset · safeguard
impairment
noun
Lv.4
value write-down · loss in worth
indenture
noun
Lv.4
formal contract · bond deed
insolvency
noun
Lv.4
inability to pay · financial failure
insolvent
adjective
Lv.4
bankrupt · unable to pay
installment
noun
Lv.3
partial payment · periodic payment
insurer
noun
Lv.3
insurance company · underwriting firm
interest
noun
Lv.1
finance charge · yield
invoice
noun
Lv.1
bill · statement
ledger
noun
Lv.1
account book · record book
levy
noun
Lv.4
charge · imposed tax
liability
noun
Lv.1
debt · obligation
liquidate
verb
Lv.4
sell off · wind up
liquidation
noun
Lv.4
winding-up · asset sell-off
liquidity
noun
Lv.2
ready cash · ease of conversion
maturity
noun
Lv.3
due date · redemption point
monetary
adjective
Lv.4
relating to money · financial
moratorium
noun
Lv.4
temporary suspension · official pause
mortgage
noun
Lv.2
property loan · home loan
net
verb
Lv.2
earn after deductions · clear
offset
verb
Lv.2
counterbalance · compensate for
outflow
noun
Lv.4
outgoing flow · money leaving
outlay
noun
Lv.4
expenditure · spending
overdraft
noun
Lv.3
negative balance · overdrawn amount
overhead
noun
Lv.2
fixed costs · running costs
overrun
noun
Lv.4
excess · overspend
overspend
verb
Lv.2
exceed the budget · splurge
payable
noun
Lv.2
amount owed · money to pay out
payback
noun
Lv.3
return · recovery
payee
noun
Lv.2
recipient · beneficiary
payer
noun
Lv.2
paying party · remitter
payment
noun
Lv.1
remittance · settlement
payout
noun
Lv.2
disbursement · distribution
plummet
verb
Lv.4
plunge · crash
prepayment
noun
Lv.4
advance payment · payment upfront
pretax
adjective
Lv.4
before-tax · gross of tax
principal
noun
Lv.2
original sum · borrowed amount
profit
noun
Lv.1
gain · earnings
profitability
noun
Lv.2
earning power · profit health
projection
noun
Lv.2
estimate ahead · forecast
prorate
verb
Lv.4
apportion · divide proportionally
provision
noun
Lv.3
reserve · set-aside amount
quarter
noun
Lv.2
three-month period · fiscal quarter
recapitalization
noun
Lv.4
capital restructuring · balance-sheet overhaul
recapitalize
verb
Lv.4
restructure · refinance
receipt
noun
Lv.1
proof of purchase · voucher
receivable
noun
Lv.2
money owed in · incoming payment
receivership
noun
Lv.4
administration · court-appointed control
reclaim
verb
Lv.4
recover · get back
reconcile
verb
Lv.2
bring into agreement · square up
recoup
verb
Lv.3
recover · regain
refinance
verb
Lv.4
restructure debt · renegotiate a loan
reimburse
verb
Lv.1
pay back · refund
reinvest
verb
Lv.2
plow back · put back
remit
verb
Lv.3
send · transfer
remittance
noun
Lv.2
money transfer · sent payment
remitter
noun
Lv.4
sender · payer
remunerate
verb
Lv.4
pay for work · compensate
repatriate
verb
Lv.4
bring home · return funds
repayment
noun
Lv.3
paying back · reimbursement
restructure
verb
Lv.3
reorganize · overhaul
revaluation
noun
Lv.4
value reassessment · upward restatement
salary
noun
Lv.1
pay · wages
securitization
noun
Lv.4
asset packaging · conversion into securities
securitize
verb
Lv.4
package into securities · bundle for sale
settle
verb
Lv.2
pay off · resolve
settlement
noun
Lv.2
final payment · squaring up
shareholder
noun
Lv.3
stock owner · equity holder
shortfall
noun
Lv.3
deficit · shortage
solvency
noun
Lv.2
ability to pay · financial soundness
subsidize
verb
Lv.4
fund partly · support financially
subsidy
noun
Lv.2
financial support · aid
surplus
noun
Lv.2
excess · leftover
tariff
noun
Lv.3
customs duty · trade tax
tax
noun
Lv.1
levy · duty
taxable
adjective
Lv.2
subject to tax · assessable
taxation
noun
Lv.2
levying of taxes · tax system
taxpayer
noun
Lv.3
tax-paying entity · contributor
tranche
noun
Lv.4
portion · slice of a deal
transaction
noun
Lv.1
deal · exchange
treasury
noun
Lv.2
fund reserve · money store
underspend
verb
Lv.2
spend below budget · come in under
underwrite
verb
Lv.4
guarantee · assume the risk of
underwriter
noun
Lv.4
insurer · risk assessor
valuation
noun
Lv.2
appraisal · estimated worth
variance
noun
Lv.2
deviation · gap from plan
windfall
noun
Lv.4
bonanza · unexpected gain
withdrawal
noun
Lv.1
taking out · drawing down
withhold
verb
Lv.2
hold back · retain
write-off
noun
Lv.2
cancelled value · removed loss
writeoff
noun
Lv.4
amount removed from accounts · cancelled debt
yield
noun
Lv.2
return · what it pays back
人事
167
absenteeism
noun
Lv.2
frequent absence · staying away from work
accredit
verb
Lv.4
certify · authorize
advocate
verb
Lv.3
champion · support publicly
align
verb
Lv.2
bring into line · coordinate
applicant
noun
Lv.1
candidate · job seeker
appoint
verb
Lv.1
name · designate
appointee
noun
Lv.4
nominee · designated person
appraisal
noun
Lv.2
assessment · review
appraise
verb
Lv.3
evaluate · assess
apprenticeship
noun
Lv.4
on-the-job training · trainee placement
aptitude
noun
Lv.2
natural ability · talent
arbitration
noun
Lv.2
third-party ruling · formal dispute settling
articulate
verb
Lv.4
express clearly · spell out
assess
verb
Lv.1
evaluate · gauge
attrition
noun
Lv.2
gradual loss of staff · natural decline
benefit
noun
Lv.1
perk · entitlement
bias
noun
Lv.2
unfair leaning · prejudice
bonus
noun
Lv.1
extra pay · incentive payment
burnout
noun
Lv.3
exhaustion · work fatigue
candidate
noun
Lv.1
applicant · contender
champion
verb
Lv.3
advocate · back strongly
coach
verb
Lv.1
guide · mentor
colleague
noun
Lv.1
coworker · workmate
commend
verb
Lv.3
praise · applaud
compensation
noun
Lv.2
pay · remuneration
competency
noun
Lv.2
skill · proven ability
conciliation
noun
Lv.4
dispute settlement · reconciliation process
coworker
noun
Lv.1
colleague · workmate
credential
noun
Lv.2
qualification · proof of ability
delegation
noun
Lv.2
handing over tasks · assigning duties
demote
verb
Lv.3
downgrade · lower in rank
demotion
noun
Lv.3
rank reduction · downgrade
disciplinary
adjective
Lv.3
punitive · corrective
discipline
noun
Lv.2
enforcement of rules · corrective control
dismiss
verb
Lv.2
fire · let go
dismissal
noun
Lv.2
firing · removal from a job
diversity
noun
Lv.2
variety of people · mix of backgrounds
downsize
verb
Lv.3
cut back · lay off
emolument
noun
Lv.4
compensation · earnings from office
employee
noun
Lv.1
worker · staff member
employer
noun
Lv.1
hiring company · boss
empower
verb
Lv.3
enable · authorize
empowerment
noun
Lv.3
delegated authority · enabling autonomy
enlist
verb
Lv.3
recruit · rally
ergonomics
noun
Lv.4
workplace comfort design · human-factor design
evaluation
noun
Lv.1
assessment · appraisal
exit interview
noun
Lv.3
departure interview · leaving discussion
expatriation
noun
Lv.4
overseas assignment · foreign posting
foster
verb
Lv.3
encourage · promote
furlough
noun
Lv.4
temporary layoff · mandatory leave
gratuity
noun
Lv.4
service payment · leaving bonus
grievance
noun
Lv.2
formal complaint · workplace complaint
groom
verb
Lv.4
prepare · develop for a role
harassment
noun
Lv.2
unwanted mistreatment · persistent abuse
headcount
noun
Lv.2
staff number · employee total
headhunt
verb
Lv.4
recruit · poach
headhunter
noun
Lv.4
recruiter · talent scout
headhunting
noun
Lv.4
executive recruiting · talent poaching
hire
verb
Lv.1
take on · employ
incentivize
verb
Lv.4
motivate with rewards · encourage
inclusion
noun
Lv.2
making everyone welcome · belonging
induct
verb
Lv.4
initiate · formally admit
insubordination
noun
Lv.4
defiance · disobedience
internship
noun
Lv.1
trainee placement · work placement
interview
noun
Lv.1
meeting · screening
interviewee
noun
Lv.3
candidate · applicant
interviewer
noun
Lv.1
questioner · assessor
job seeker
noun
Lv.3
applicant · candidate
leave
noun
Lv.1
time off · authorized absence
longlist
noun
Lv.4
initial broad list of candidates · preliminary selection
mediation
noun
Lv.2
helping parties agree · guided negotiation
mentee
noun
Lv.4
protege · trainee
mentor
noun
Lv.1
guide · advisor
mentorship
noun
Lv.4
guidance relationship · coaching support
meritocracy
noun
Lv.4
merit-based system · achievement-based order
morale
noun
Lv.2
team spirit · staff mood
motivate
verb
Lv.1
inspire · drive
motivation
noun
Lv.2
drive · reason to work hard
nepotism
noun
Lv.4
family favoritism · kin preference
newcomer
noun
Lv.1
new arrival · novice
nurture
verb
Lv.3
develop · mentor
offboarding
noun
Lv.4
exit process · departure handling
ombudsman
noun
Lv.4
complaints officer · impartial investigator
onboard
verb
Lv.3
integrate · bring up to speed
onboarding
noun
Lv.2
induction · settling-in
orientation
noun
Lv.1
induction · introduction
outplacement
noun
Lv.4
career transition support · redundancy support
outsource
verb
Lv.3
contract out · subcontract
overstaffed
adjective
Lv.4
overmanned · top-heavy
overtime
noun
Lv.1
extra hours · extended hours
pay grade
noun
Lv.3
salary band · wage level
payroll
noun
Lv.1
pay list · wage account
payslip
noun
Lv.2
pay statement · wage slip
pension
noun
Lv.2
retirement income · superannuation
pensioner
noun
Lv.3
retired benefit recipient · retiree on a pension
performance
noun
Lv.1
results · output
perk
noun
Lv.2
extra benefit · fringe benefit
poach
verb
Lv.3
lure away · recruit from a competitor
prerogative
noun
Lv.4
exclusive right · privilege
presenteeism
noun
Lv.4
unproductive attendance · working while unwell
probation
noun
Lv.1
trial period · trial run
probationary
adjective
Lv.4
trial · provisional
probity
noun
Lv.4
integrity · uprightness
promote
verb
Lv.1
elevate · advance
promotion
noun
Lv.1
advancement · step up
reassign
verb
Lv.3
transfer · redeploy
reassignment
noun
Lv.4
transfer · redeployment
recognition
noun
Lv.2
acknowledgment · credit for good work
recruit
verb/noun
Lv.1
hire · bring on
recruiter
noun
Lv.1
hiring specialist · talent finder
recruitment
noun
Lv.2
hiring · staffing
redeploy
verb
Lv.3
reassign · reallocate
redeployment
noun
Lv.3
reassignment · role transfer
redress
verb
Lv.4
rectify · remedy
redundancy
noun
Lv.2
job loss from cuts · layoff
rehire
verb
Lv.2
re-employ · take back
reinstate
verb
Lv.3
restore · bring back
reinstatement
noun
Lv.2
return to a job · restoration of a role
relocation
noun
Lv.2
a move for work · transfer of location
repatriation
noun
Lv.4
return home · homecoming transfer
reprimand
noun
Lv.4
rebuke · official warning
resign
verb
Lv.1
quit · step down
resignation
noun
Lv.3
stepping down · quitting
reskill
verb
Lv.4
retrain · teach new skills
reskilling
noun
Lv.2
retraining · learning a new role
resume
noun
Lv.1
CV · work history
retain
verb
Lv.2
keep · hold on to
retire
verb
Lv.1
step down · leave work
retiree
noun
Lv.3
pensioner · former employee
retrenchment
noun
Lv.4
cost-cutting · downsizing
sabbatical
noun
Lv.2
extended leave · career break
screen
verb
Lv.2
filter · vet
secondment
noun
Lv.4
temporary assignment · loan placement
seniority
noun
Lv.4
length of service · tenure rank
severance
noun
Lv.2
dismissal pay · exit payment
shortlist
noun
Lv.2
list of finalists · select few
staff
verb
Lv.1
man · provide workers for
staffer
noun
Lv.2
employee · staff member
staffing
noun
Lv.2
provision of staff · manning
stipend
noun
Lv.4
fixed allowance · regular payment
subordinate
noun
Lv.3
junior · underling
succession
noun
Lv.2
handover of roles · leadership transfer
successor
noun
Lv.3
heir · replacement
supervision
noun
Lv.2
oversight · management of work
supervisor
noun
Lv.1
manager · team lead
suspend
verb
Lv.2
halt · put on hold
tenure
noun
Lv.2
time in a job · length of service
tenured
adjective
Lv.4
permanent · long-serving
terminate
verb
Lv.3
end · dismiss
trainee
noun
Lv.4
trainee worker · learner
training
noun
Lv.1
instruction · coaching
transfer
verb
Lv.1
reassign · move
transferee
noun
Lv.4
relocated employee · moved staff member
understaffed
adjective
Lv.4
short-handed · undermanned
understudy
noun
Lv.4
backup · stand-in
upskill
verb
Lv.4
retrain · develop skills
upskilling
noun
Lv.2
skill improvement · further training
vacancy
noun
Lv.2
open position · unfilled job
vacation
noun
Lv.1
holiday · time off
vest
verb
Lv.4
become entitled · accrue ownership
vet
verb
Lv.3
screen · scrutinize
wage
noun
Lv.1
pay · earnings
wellbeing
noun
Lv.2
welfare · good health and comfort
whistleblower
noun
Lv.4
informant · reporter of wrongdoing
whistleblowing
noun
Lv.4
internal reporting · exposing misconduct
workforce
noun
Lv.1
staff · labor pool
workweek
noun
Lv.2
working week · weekly hours
マーケティング
167
advertise
verb
Lv.1
promote · publicize
advertisement
noun
Lv.1
ad · commercial
advertiser
noun
Lv.1
promoter · sponsor
advocacy
noun
Lv.3
active support · recommendation behavior
affiliate
noun
Lv.3
partner site · referral partner
amplification
noun
Lv.3
reach expansion · message spreading
amplify
verb
Lv.3
boost · magnify
analytics
noun
Lv.2
data analysis · data insights
attribution
noun
Lv.4
credit assignment · channel crediting
audience
noun
Lv.1
viewers · public
awareness
noun
Lv.1
recognition · familiarity
banner
noun
Lv.2
display strip ad · web header ad
billboard
noun
Lv.1
hoarding · outdoor sign
blitz
verb
Lv.4
bombard · saturate
blurb
noun
Lv.4
promo text · plug
brand
noun
Lv.1
trademark · label
branding
noun
Lv.2
brand-building · image work
broadcast
verb
Lv.2
transmit · air
buzz
noun
Lv.2
word-of-mouth excitement · public talk
buzzword
noun
Lv.3
trendy term · vogue word
campaign
noun
Lv.1
drive · coordinated effort
cannibalization
noun
Lv.4
self-competition · internal sales loss
captivate
verb
Lv.4
enthrall · fascinate
catchphrase
noun
Lv.4
slogan · tagline
channel
verb
Lv.2
direct · funnel
clickbait
noun
Lv.4
lure content · sensational headline
clickthrough
noun
Lv.4
click · ad click
co-branding
noun
Lv.4
joining two brands on one product · brand partnership
cobranding
noun
Lv.4
brand partnership · joint branding
commercial
noun
Lv.1
advert · spot
commoditization
noun
Lv.4
loss of differentiation · generic-product drift
competitor
noun
Lv.1
rival · contender
content
noun
Lv.1
material · substance
copywriting
noun
Lv.2
writing ad text · sales writing
coupon
noun
Lv.1
voucher · discount slip
craft
verb
Lv.2
shape carefully · compose
cross-promotion
noun
Lv.4
mutual advertising between brands · joint promotion
curate
verb
Lv.3
select · assemble thoughtfully
debut
verb
Lv.2
launch · introduce for the first time
demographic
noun
Lv.1
population group · market segment
differentiate
verb
Lv.3
set apart · distinguish
differentiation
noun
Lv.2
standing apart · setting apart
differentiator
noun
Lv.4
distinguishing feature · unique selling point
disintermediation
noun
Lv.4
cutting out the middleman · direct-selling shift
disrupt
verb
Lv.3
upend · transform
disseminate
verb
Lv.4
distribute · spread
endorsement
noun
Lv.1
backing · public approval
endorser
noun
Lv.4
promoter · backer
engagement
noun
Lv.2
active interaction · audience involvement
evangelism
noun
Lv.4
passionate advocacy · devoted promotion
evangelize
verb
Lv.4
promote passionately · champion
evergreen
adjective
Lv.4
timeless · long-lasting
exposure
noun
Lv.1
visibility · public attention
feature
verb
Lv.1
showcase · present prominently
feedback
noun
Lv.1
response · comments
flagship
noun
Lv.3
leading offering · showcase product
flyer
noun
Lv.2
leaflet · handbill
footfall
noun
Lv.4
visitor count · foot traffic
freebie
noun
Lv.2
giveaway · free gift
funnel
noun
Lv.2
buyer journey path · conversion path
gamification
noun
Lv.4
game-style engagement · play-based motivation
geotargeting
noun
Lv.4
location targeting · regional targeting
gimmick
noun
Lv.4
attention-grabbing trick · ploy
giveaway
noun
Lv.2
free promotional gift · prize event
grassroots
adjective
Lv.4
community-based · bottom-up
hashtag
noun
Lv.2
tag keyword · pound-sign keyword
hype
verb
Lv.2
ballyhoo · build up
ignite
verb
Lv.3
spark · kindle
impressions
noun
Lv.2
views · times shown
influencer
noun
Lv.2
online opinion leader · content creator
infographic
noun
Lv.3
visual chart · data graphic
infomercial
noun
Lv.4
long advertising program · extended commercial
jingle
noun
Lv.2
ad tune · brand melody
launch
verb/noun
Lv.1
roll out · release
leaflet
noun
Lv.2
flyer · handbill
localization
noun
Lv.4
local adaptation · market tailoring
logo
noun
Lv.1
emblem · symbol
loyalty
noun
Lv.2
faithfulness · repeat support
mailer
noun
Lv.2
mailed ad · print circular
mailshot
noun
Lv.4
mass mailing · bulk promotion
market
noun
Lv.1
marketplace · trade arena
mascot
noun
Lv.2
symbol character · emblem figure
merchandise
verb
Lv.2
display for sale · promote
merchandiser
noun
Lv.4
display planner · sales planner
merchandising
noun
Lv.2
display and promotion · retail presentation
messaging
noun
Lv.2
communication · brand message
metrics
noun
Lv.2
measurements · figures tracked
microsite
noun
Lv.4
mini-site · campaign site
mindshare
noun
Lv.4
consumer attention · awareness share
mockup
noun
Lv.2
draft model · visual sample
monetization
noun
Lv.2
turning into income · revenue-making
newsletter
noun
Lv.2
regular email update · mailing bulletin
niche
noun
Lv.2
specialized segment · small target market
omnichannel
adjective
Lv.4
fully integrated channels · cross-channel seamless
optimize
verb
Lv.2
fine-tune · maximize efficiency
outreach
noun
Lv.1
engagement · contact effort
packaging
noun
Lv.2
the wrapping · outer design
pamphlet
noun
Lv.2
booklet · brochure
penetration
noun
Lv.3
market adoption · reach within a market
persona
noun
Lv.3
profile of a typical customer · audience model
personalization
noun
Lv.2
tailoring to the user · custom-fitting
personalize
verb
Lv.2
tailor · customize
pioneer
verb
Lv.2
trailblaze · lead the way
placement
noun
Lv.2
where it is shown · positioning spot
plug
verb
Lv.2
promote · tout
pop-up
noun
Lv.2
temporary shop · short-term store
popularize
verb
Lv.2
spread · mainstream
position
verb
Lv.1
brand · place
positioning
noun
Lv.2
market placement · image setting
pre-launch
noun
Lv.2
run-up to launch · pre-release phase
profile
verb
Lv.2
characterize · describe in detail
proliferation
noun
Lv.3
rapid spread · sharp increase
promoter
noun
Lv.2
publicist · organizer
psychographics
noun
Lv.2
lifestyle data · attitude profiling
publicity
noun
Lv.1
public attention · exposure
publicize
verb
Lv.2
make known · promote
publish
verb
Lv.1
release · put out
reach
noun
Lv.2
audience size · spread
readership
noun
Lv.4
audience · reader base
rebrand
verb
Lv.2
relaunch the image · reposition
rebranding
noun
Lv.2
brand renewal · image overhaul
relaunch
verb
Lv.3
reintroduce · revamp
repackage
verb
Lv.2
rebrand · reformat
repositioning
noun
Lv.4
image change · market re-placement
resonance
noun
Lv.3
emotional connection · lasting impact
resonate
verb
Lv.3
strike a chord · connect
retarget
verb
Lv.3
re-engage · follow up with ads
retargeting
noun
Lv.2
re-reaching visitors · follow-up ads
roadshow
noun
Lv.4
promotional tour · touring event
salience
noun
Lv.4
noticeability · prominence
sample
noun
Lv.1
specimen · taster
saturate
verb
Lv.3
flood · glut
saturation
noun
Lv.3
full-market state · demand ceiling
segment
noun
Lv.1
portion · division
segmentation
noun
Lv.2
dividing the market · grouping buyers
showcase
verb
Lv.2
display · highlight
slogan
noun
Lv.1
tagline · motto
spammy
adjective
Lv.4
like unwanted advertising · intrusive
spokesperson
noun
Lv.3
representative · public voice
sponsor
noun
Lv.1
backer · patron
sponsorship
noun
Lv.3
backing · brand patronage
spotlight
verb
Lv.2
highlight · draw attention to
stickiness
noun
Lv.4
retention power · engagement hold
storyboard
noun
Lv.4
scene plan · visual outline
storytelling
noun
Lv.2
narrative marketing · telling a brand story
strategy
noun
Lv.1
plan · approach
subscriber
noun
Lv.2
signed-up follower · registered user
survey
noun
Lv.1
poll · questionnaire
tagline
noun
Lv.2
slogan line · brand phrase
tailor
verb
Lv.2
customize · adapt
target
verb
Lv.1
aim at · focus on
tease
verb
Lv.2
preview · hint at
teaser
noun
Lv.3
preview promotion · curiosity hook
testimonial
noun
Lv.2
endorsement quote · customer review
tie-in
noun
Lv.4
linked promotion · cross-promotion
tout
verb
Lv.3
promote · plug
trend
noun
Lv.1
tendency · current
trumpet
verb
Lv.4
proclaim · tout
ubiquity
noun
Lv.4
omnipresence · everywhere availability
unboxing
noun
Lv.4
product reveal · first look
viewership
noun
Lv.4
audience · viewer base
virality
noun
Lv.2
rapid spread · share momentum
viralize
verb
Lv.4
make go viral · spread explosively
voiceover
noun
Lv.4
narration · off-screen commentary
webinar
noun
Lv.2
online seminar · web-based talk
word-of-mouth
noun
Lv.4
personal recommendation · informal referral
wordmark
noun
Lv.4
text logo · name logo
IT
167
abstraction
noun
Lv.4
detail hiding · simplified representation
algorithm
noun
Lv.2
step-by-step procedure · computational rule
application
noun
Lv.1
app · program
authentication
noun
Lv.2
identity check · login verification
automate
verb
Lv.2
mechanize · systematize
automation
noun
Lv.2
hands-off processing · machine handling
autoscale
verb
Lv.4
scale automatically · self-adjust
backend
noun
Lv.2
server side · back-end logic
backup
noun
Lv.1
spare copy · safety copy
bandwidth
noun
Lv.1
data capacity · transfer rate
blueprint
noun
Lv.3
detailed plan · design specification
boot
verb
Lv.2
start up · power on
browser
noun
Lv.1
web viewer · navigator
buffer
verb
Lv.2
cache · hold temporarily
cache
noun
Lv.2
temporary storage · fast-access store
canary
noun
Lv.4
gradual rollout test · pilot release
chatbot
noun
Lv.2
automated assistant · conversational bot
clipboard
noun
Lv.1
copy buffer · paste store
cloud-native
adjective
Lv.4
designed for the cloud · cloud-first
codebase
noun
Lv.4
source code body · project code
compatibility
noun
Lv.2
ability to work together · interoperability
compile
verb
Lv.2
build · assemble
compress
verb
Lv.2
shrink · pack
concurrency
noun
Lv.4
simultaneous processing · parallel handling
configuration
noun
Lv.2
setup arrangement · settings layout
configure
verb
Lv.2
set up · arrange
consolidate
verb
Lv.3
merge · unify
containerization
noun
Lv.3
software isolation packaging · container-based deployment
containerize
verb
Lv.4
package into containers · isolate
crash
verb
Lv.1
fail · shut down suddenly
cybersecurity
noun
Lv.2
digital protection · online security
dashboard
noun
Lv.1
control panel · overview screen
data pipeline
noun
Lv.4
automated data flow · data-processing chain
database
noun
Lv.1
data store · records system
debug
verb
Lv.2
fix faults in · troubleshoot
debugging
noun
Lv.2
error fixing · fault tracing
decommission
verb
Lv.3
retire · take offline
decrypt
verb
Lv.2
decode · unscramble
deploy
verb
Lv.2
roll out · put into use
deployment
noun
Lv.2
release to production · rollout
deprecate
verb
Lv.4
phase out · retire
deprecation
noun
Lv.4
obsolescence marking · phase-out notice
device
noun
Lv.1
gadget · machine
diagnose
verb
Lv.2
identify the cause of · pinpoint
download
verb
Lv.1
retrieve · pull down
downtime
noun
Lv.2
outage period · time offline
drop-down
noun
Lv.1
pull-down menu · option list
elasticity
noun
Lv.4
dynamic scaling · demand-based flexibility
encapsulation
noun
Lv.4
data bundling · internal-state protection
encrypt
verb
Lv.2
encode · secure with a cipher
encryption
noun
Lv.1
data scrambling · secure coding
endpoint
noun
Lv.2
access point · connection address
extensibility
noun
Lv.4
ease of expansion · add-on readiness
failover
noun
Lv.4
backup switchover · automatic fallback
firewall
noun
Lv.1
security barrier · protective wall
firmware
noun
Lv.3
embedded software · device software
format
verb
Lv.1
initialize · wipe and set up
framework
noun
Lv.2
development base · reusable structure
frontend
noun
Lv.2
user-facing side · client side
gateway
noun
Lv.2
access point · connection portal
glitch
noun
Lv.1
malfunction · bug
handshake
noun
Lv.4
connection negotiation · setup exchange
harden
verb
Lv.3
fortify · secure
hardware
noun
Lv.1
equipment · physical components
help desk
noun
Lv.3
support desk · service desk
host
verb
Lv.1
serve · run
hyperlink
noun
Lv.1
link · clickable link
idempotency
noun
Lv.4
repeat-safe property · same-result guarantee
immutability
noun
Lv.4
unchangeable state · write-once property
inbox
noun
Lv.1
mail folder · message box
index
verb
Lv.2
catalog · make searchable
infrastructure
noun
Lv.2
underlying systems · base systems
install
verb
Lv.1
set up · put in
instantiate
verb
Lv.4
create · initialize
instrumentation
noun
Lv.4
monitoring code · measurement tooling
integrate
verb
Lv.2
combine · connect
integration
noun
Lv.2
joining systems · combining tools
interface
noun
Lv.1
control surface · point of contact
interoperability
noun
Lv.4
cross-system compatibility · joint operability
interoperable
adjective
Lv.4
compatible · integratable
keyword
noun
Lv.1
search term · key term
latency
noun
Lv.2
response delay · lag
legacy
adjective
Lv.3
outdated · old
log
verb
Lv.1
record · register
login
noun
Lv.1
sign-in · access
mainframe
noun
Lv.2
central computer · big iron
malware
noun
Lv.2
malicious software · harmful code
metadata
noun
Lv.2
data about data · descriptive tags
microservice
noun
Lv.4
service module · modular component
middleware
noun
Lv.2
connecting software · in-between layer
migrate
verb
Lv.2
move · transfer
migration
noun
Lv.2
system transfer · moving data over
modular
adjective
Lv.4
built from separate units · component-based
modularity
noun
Lv.4
component separation · building-block design
monitor
verb
Lv.1
track · keep watch on
monitoring
noun
Lv.2
continuous watching · status tracking
namespace
noun
Lv.4
naming scope · name container
network
noun
Lv.1
connected system · web of links
notification
noun
Lv.1
alert · notice
observability
noun
Lv.4
system insight · internal-state visibility
offline
adjective
Lv.1
disconnected · not online
open-source
adjective
Lv.4
with freely available source code · publicly shared
optimization
noun
Lv.2
fine-tuning · efficiency improvement
orchestrate
verb
Lv.4
coordinate · arrange
orchestration
noun
Lv.3
automated coordination · system conducting
overload
verb
Lv.2
overburden · overwhelm
overwrite
verb
Lv.2
replace · write over
parse
verb
Lv.2
analyze · break down
partition
verb
Lv.3
divide · split
partitioning
noun
Lv.4
data division · dataset splitting
passcode
noun
Lv.4
PIN · access code
password
noun
Lv.1
passcode · access key
patch
noun
Lv.2
software fix · update fix
plug-in
noun
Lv.2
add-on · extension
portability
noun
Lv.4
cross-environment capability · platform independence
protocol
noun
Lv.2
set of rules · communication standard
prototype
noun
Lv.2
early model · trial version
provisioning
noun
Lv.2
setting up resources · readying systems
query
verb
Lv.2
look up · request
reboot
verb
Lv.1
restart · power cycle
recompile
verb
Lv.4
rebuild · compile again
refactor
verb
Lv.3
restructure code · clean up
refactoring
noun
Lv.3
code restructuring · internal cleanup
reformat
verb
Lv.2
reset the format · format again
render
verb
Lv.2
draw · generate
replicate
verb
Lv.3
copy · duplicate
replication
noun
Lv.3
data copying · multi-node duplication
repository
noun
Lv.2
storage location · code archive
reroute
verb
Lv.2
redirect · divert
rollback
noun
Lv.2
reverting to a prior state · undo of changes
rollout
noun
Lv.2
gradual release · launch process
runtime
noun
Lv.2
execution time · running state
sandbox
noun
Lv.2
isolated test area · safe trial space
scalability
noun
Lv.2
growth capacity · ability to expand
scalable
adjective
Lv.4
able to grow easily · expandable
scale
verb
Lv.2
expand capacity · grow
screenshot
noun
Lv.1
screen capture · screen grab
server
noun
Lv.1
host machine · central computer
serverless
adjective
Lv.4
cloud-managed · on-demand
sharding
noun
Lv.4
horizontal database split · data distribution
sitemap
noun
Lv.3
site structure · page index
software
noun
Lv.1
program · application
spam
noun
Lv.1
junk mail · unwanted mail
specification
noun
Lv.2
detailed requirements · spec document
stage
verb
Lv.2
phase · prepare in stages
storage
noun
Lv.1
space · capacity
subdomain
noun
Lv.4
sub-address · domain section
synchronize
verb
Lv.3
align · keep consistent
system
noun
Lv.1
setup · integrated whole
telemetry
noun
Lv.2
remote measurement data · usage signals
throttle
verb
Lv.4
limit · cap
throttling
noun
Lv.4
rate limiting · deliberate slowing
throughput
noun
Lv.2
work rate · volume processed
thumbnail
noun
Lv.2
preview image · mini image
tokenization
noun
Lv.4
data substitution · sensitive-data masking
troubleshoot
verb
Lv.1
diagnose · fix
update
noun
Lv.1
revision · refresh
upgrade
verb/noun
Lv.1
improve · advance
upload
verb
Lv.1
send up · transfer
uptime
noun
Lv.2
time in operation · availability
usability
noun
Lv.2
ease of use · user-friendliness
username
noun
Lv.1
login name · account name
version control
noun
Lv.4
tracking of code changes · source management
virtualization
noun
Lv.2
running virtual machines · software-based hardware
virtualize
verb
Lv.4
abstract · run virtually
wireframe
noun
Lv.4
layout sketch · screen skeleton
workflow
noun
Lv.2
sequence of steps · process flow
総務
167
accountability
noun
Lv.2
answerability · responsibility for results
accreditation
noun
Lv.2
official recognition · certified approval
addendum
noun
Lv.4
added section · supplementary clause
adjudicate
verb
Lv.4
rule on · judge formally
adjudication
noun
Lv.4
formal resolution · authoritative ruling
administer
verb
Lv.3
manage · run
allocate
verb
Lv.3
assign · apportion
amendment
noun
Lv.2
a change to a text · a revision
annotate
verb
Lv.2
mark up · add notes to
appliance
noun
Lv.1
device · machine
appointment
noun
Lv.1
scheduled meeting · booking
apportionment
noun
Lv.4
proportional distribution · share allocation
approve
verb
Lv.1
authorize · sanction
arbitrate
verb
Lv.4
adjudge · settle officially
archival
adjective
Lv.4
for long-term storage · records-keeping
archive
noun
Lv.1
records store · repository
attachment
noun
Lv.1
enclosed file · appended document
attest
verb
Lv.4
certify · vouch for
attestation
noun
Lv.4
formal confirmation · sworn verification
authenticate
verb
Lv.3
verify identity · confirm as genuine
authorization
noun
Lv.2
official permission · approval to act
authorize
verb
Lv.2
approve · grant permission for
badge
noun
Lv.1
ID card · identification tag
break room
noun
Lv.2
rest room · staff lounge
bylaw
noun
Lv.2
internal rule · local ordinance
calendar
noun
Lv.1
schedule · datebook
catalog
verb
Lv.2
list systematically · register
certification
noun
Lv.3
official accreditation · standards confirmation
certify
verb
Lv.2
attest · formally confirm
checklist
noun
Lv.1
to-do list · list of items
circular
noun
Lv.3
general notice · distributed memo
circulate
verb
Lv.2
distribute · pass around
clerical
adjective
Lv.3
administrative · office
codification
noun
Lv.4
systematic compilation · formal organizing
collate
verb
Lv.3
gather and order · assemble
compliance
noun
Lv.2
adherence to rules · conformity
confidentiality
noun
Lv.2
secrecy · privacy protection
contingency
noun
Lv.2
backup plan · provision for emergencies
contravention
noun
Lv.4
violation · breach
coordinate
verb
Lv.3
organize · align
coordination
noun
Lv.2
organized cooperation · aligning of efforts
correspondence
noun
Lv.2
letters and messages · written communication
corridor
noun
Lv.1
hallway · passage
courier
noun
Lv.1
messenger · delivery service
cubicle
noun
Lv.2
work bay · partitioned space
custodian
noun
Lv.4
caretaker · keeper
custodianship
noun
Lv.4
guardianship role · safekeeping duty
custody
noun
Lv.2
safekeeping · responsible holding
decommissioning
noun
Lv.2
taking out of service · shutting down
decree
noun
Lv.4
official order · authoritative directive
directory
noun
Lv.2
organized listing · contact list
dispatch
verb
Lv.3
send off · ship
dispensation
noun
Lv.4
official exemption · waiver of a rule
document
noun
Lv.1
paper · record
documentation
noun
Lv.2
written records · reference documents
dossier
noun
Lv.2
collected file · case folder
draft
noun
Lv.1
rough version · preliminary copy
due-diligence
noun
Lv.4
pre-deal investigation · thorough vetting
elevator
noun
Lv.1
lift · hoist
enact
verb
Lv.3
put into law · implement
enactment
noun
Lv.4
passing into law · legislation
enforce
verb
Lv.2
impose · compel compliance with
enforcement
noun
Lv.2
making rules obeyed · application of law
escalation
noun
Lv.2
raising to a higher level · passing upward
exemption
noun
Lv.2
release from a rule · exception granted
expedite
verb
Lv.3
speed up · fast-track
facilitate
verb
Lv.3
ease · enable
facility
noun
Lv.2
premises for a purpose · equipped building
file
noun
Lv.1
dossier · record set
floor plan
noun
Lv.2
layout · building plan
floor plan
noun
Lv.4
layout drawing · space map
folder
noun
Lv.1
file holder · jacket
form
noun
Lv.1
blank document · template sheet
formality
noun
Lv.3
official procedure · required step
forward
verb
Lv.1
pass on · send on
furnishing
noun
Lv.2
fittings · furniture and fixtures
governance
noun
Lv.2
oversight structure · management system
indemnity
noun
Lv.2
protection against loss · guarantee of compensation
injunction
noun
Lv.4
court order · restraining order
inspect
verb
Lv.1
examine · check
inspection
noun
Lv.2
official check · examination
institute
verb
Lv.3
establish · introduce
intercom
noun
Lv.2
internal phone · public-address line
itemize
verb
Lv.3
list · break down
janitorial
adjective
Lv.4
relating to cleaning and upkeep · custodial
jurisdiction
noun
Lv.2
authority area · legal reach
jurisprudence
noun
Lv.4
legal theory · body of case law
keycard
noun
Lv.1
access card · entry card
lanyard
noun
Lv.2
neck cord · badge strap
letterhead
noun
Lv.2
headed paper · official stationery
lobby
noun
Lv.1
entrance hall · foyer
logbook
noun
Lv.1
record book · journal
logistical
adjective
Lv.4
organizational · operational
mailroom
noun
Lv.2
mail-handling room · post room
maintenance
noun
Lv.2
upkeep · servicing
mandate
noun
Lv.2
official authority · formal order
memo
noun
Lv.1
note · short message
memorandum
noun
Lv.2
official note · internal notice
nameplate
noun
Lv.2
name sign · name tag
notarization
noun
Lv.4
notarial certification · official authentication
notarize
verb
Lv.4
officially certify · attest legally
notice board
noun
Lv.2
bulletin board · announcement board
ordinance
noun
Lv.4
local regulation · municipal rule
oversee
verb
Lv.3
supervise · manage
oversight
noun
Lv.2
supervision · watchful control
pantry
noun
Lv.1
kitchenette · break kitchen
paperwork
noun
Lv.1
documentation · forms
parking
noun
Lv.1
car space · vehicle storage
photocopy
noun
Lv.1
copy · duplicate
policy
noun
Lv.1
rule · official stance
precedent
noun
Lv.4
guiding example · prior case
premises
noun
Lv.2
building and grounds · the site
procedure
noun
Lv.1
process · set of steps
process
verb
Lv.1
handle · deal with
procure
verb
Lv.3
obtain · source
procurement
noun
Lv.2
purchasing · sourcing
promulgate
verb
Lv.4
officially announce · put into effect
promulgation
noun
Lv.4
official enactment · formal announcement
proviso
noun
Lv.4
attached condition · qualifying clause
ratify
verb
Lv.4
formally approve · confirm
reception
noun
Lv.4
front desk · reception area
reception desk
noun
Lv.4
front desk · welcome counter
receptionist
noun
Lv.1
front-desk clerk · greeter
record
verb
Lv.1
log · note down
recordkeeping
noun
Lv.4
records maintenance · documentation discipline
redact
verb
Lv.4
black out · censor
redaction
noun
Lv.4
sensitive-info removal · censoring edit
register
verb
Lv.1
record officially · enroll
registration
noun
Lv.1
enrollment · sign-up
registry
noun
Lv.2
official record list · register
regulate
verb
Lv.2
control · govern
regulation
noun
Lv.2
official rule · legal requirement
reminder
noun
Lv.1
prompt · prod
report
noun
Lv.1
account · write-up
requisition
noun
Lv.2
formal request for supplies · order request
revocation
noun
Lv.4
official cancellation · withdrawal of a right
safeguard
verb
Lv.3
protect · shield
schedule
noun/verb
Lv.1
timetable · plan
scheduling
noun
Lv.2
arranging timings · timetable planning
secretariat
noun
Lv.2
administrative office · support office
shredder
noun
Lv.2
paper cutter · document destroyer
signage
noun
Lv.2
signs · display boards
signature
noun
Lv.1
autograph · signed name
spreadsheet
noun
Lv.1
data table · calculation sheet
stamp
verb
Lv.1
mark · seal
stationery
noun
Lv.1
writing materials · desk supplies
statute
noun
Lv.2
written law · legislative act
stewardship
noun
Lv.2
responsible management · careful caretaking
stockroom
noun
Lv.2
storeroom · storage room
submit
verb
Lv.1
hand in · turn in
subpoena
noun
Lv.4
legal summons · compulsory order
supplies
noun
Lv.1
materials · stock
tabulate
verb
Lv.3
arrange in a table · compile
tally
verb
Lv.2
count · add up
template
noun
Lv.1
pattern · standard format
timesheet
noun
Lv.1
hours log · time record
turnstile
noun
Lv.4
entry gate · access barrier
uphold
verb
Lv.3
maintain · support
upkeep
noun
Lv.3
maintenance · care
validate
verb
Lv.2
verify · confirm
visitor log
noun
Lv.2
record of visitors · entry register
voucher
noun
Lv.2
coupon · token
waiver
noun
Lv.2
giving up a right · formal release
walkthrough
noun
Lv.3
inspection · run-through
warehousing
noun
Lv.4
storage management · stockholding
whiteboard
noun
Lv.1
dry-erase board · marker board
workstation
noun
Lv.2
work desk · work area
会議
168
absentee
noun
Lv.4
no-show · missing attendee
abstain
verb
Lv.3
refrain · decline to vote
abstention
noun
Lv.2
not voting · withholding a vote
accord
noun
Lv.3
formal agreement · settlement
action item
noun
Lv.3
task to be done · follow-up task
actionable
adjective
Lv.4
practicable · doable
address
verb
Lv.1
deal with · speak to
adjourn
verb
Lv.1
close · suspend
adjournment
noun
Lv.4
meeting suspension · temporary break
agenda
noun
Lv.1
programme · list
agenda-setting
noun
Lv.4
deciding what to discuss · priority-framing
arbiter
noun
Lv.4
authoritative judge · final decider
assembly
noun
Lv.2
gathering · meeting
attend
verb
Lv.1
be present at · take part in
attendance
noun
Lv.2
presence · turnout
attendee
noun
Lv.1
participant · guest
ballot
noun
Lv.2
vote · voting slip
brainstorm
verb
Lv.1
idea session · free thinking
breakout
noun
Lv.1
small-group session · split session
brief
verb
Lv.2
inform · update
briefing
noun
Lv.1
update · short report
caucus
noun
Lv.2
closed group meeting · private session
caveat
noun
Lv.4
qualifying condition · cautionary note
chair
verb
Lv.2
preside over · lead
chairmanship
noun
Lv.4
leadership of the chair · presiding role
chairperson
noun
Lv.1
chair · presiding officer
clarify
verb
Lv.1
make clear · explain
co-chair
noun
Lv.4
joint chair · co-leader
co-host
noun
Lv.2
joint host · co-presenter
colloquium
noun
Lv.4
formal conference · specialist seminar
comment
verb
Lv.1
remark · weigh in
committee
noun
Lv.2
board · panel
concede
verb
Lv.3
admit · acknowledge
concur
verb
Lv.3
agree · be of the same mind
concurrence
noun
Lv.4
agreement · formal assent
conference
noun
Lv.1
large meeting · convention
consensus
noun
Lv.1
agreement · common ground
consent
noun
Lv.2
agreement · permission
consultation
noun
Lv.2
discussion · seeking advice
convene
verb
Lv.2
call together · assemble
convener
noun
Lv.4
organizer · chair
convergence
noun
Lv.4
coming together · meeting of minds
convoke
verb
Lv.4
call together · summon
deadlock
noun
Lv.3
stalemate · impasse
debate
verb
Lv.1
argue · dispute
debrief
verb
Lv.2
review · report back
defer
verb
Lv.3
postpone · put off
delegate
noun
Lv.2
representative · envoy
deliberate
verb
Lv.4
weigh · consider
deliberation
noun
Lv.2
consideration · discussion
designate
verb
Lv.3
appoint · nominate
detractor
noun
Lv.4
critic · opponent
dialogue
noun
Lv.2
conversation · exchange of views
digress
verb
Lv.3
stray · deviate
disband
verb
Lv.4
dissolve · break up
discourse
noun
Lv.3
formal discussion · exchange of ideas
discuss
verb
Lv.1
talk over · deliberate
discussion
noun
Lv.1
talk · exchange of views
dissent
noun
Lv.4
disagreement · objection
divergence
noun
Lv.4
growing difference · split
elaborate
verb
Lv.2
expand on · develop in detail
endorse
verb
Lv.2
approve · back
expound
verb
Lv.4
explain · elaborate
facilitator
noun
Lv.1
moderator · guide
filibuster
noun
Lv.4
obstructive speech · delaying tactic
flipchart
noun
Lv.2
presentation pad · easel pad
follow-up
noun
Lv.2
subsequent action · continuation
forum
noun
Lv.3
discussion venue · open meeting
gathering
noun
Lv.1
get-together · meeting
ground rule
noun
Lv.2
basic rule · guiding principle
handout
noun
Lv.1
leaflet · printed material
huddle
noun
Lv.2
quick gathering · brief meeting
icebreaker
noun
Lv.2
warm-up activity · opener
impasse
noun
Lv.4
deadlock · stalemate
interject
verb
Lv.3
cut in · insert a remark
interjection
noun
Lv.4
inserted remark · interruption
intermission
noun
Lv.2
break · pause
interrupt
verb
Lv.1
cut off · break in
keynote
noun
Lv.1
main address · opening speech
kickoff
noun
Lv.2
launch meeting · opening session
latecomer
noun
Lv.2
late arrival · tardy attendee
lectern
noun
Lv.4
reading stand · speaker's stand
mediate
verb
Lv.3
arbitrate · reconcile
minute
verb
Lv.2
record · take down
minutes
noun
Lv.1
meeting record · notes
moderate
verb
Lv.2
chair · facilitate
moderation
noun
Lv.3
discussion facilitation · chairing
moderator
noun
Lv.3
discussion leader · chairperson
motion
noun
Lv.1
formal proposal · resolution
move
verb
Lv.1
propose formally · put forward
no-show
noun
Lv.2
absentee · missed attendance
nominate
verb
Lv.2
put forward · propose
note-taker
noun
Lv.2
minute-taker · recorder
note-taking
noun
Lv.4
recording of notes · jotting things down
object
verb
Lv.1
oppose · protest
objection
noun
Lv.2
opposition · protest
offsite
noun
Lv.2
retreat · away day
outline
verb
Lv.1
sketch out · summarize the main points
panel
noun
Lv.2
group of speakers · expert group
panelist
noun
Lv.2
panel member · discussant
parley
noun
Lv.4
negotiating talk · conference between sides
participant
noun
Lv.1
contributor · member
plenary
adjective
Lv.2
full-assembly · general
podium
noun
Lv.2
speaking stand · rostrum
postpone
verb
Lv.1
reschedule · put back
premise
noun
Lv.3
underlying assumption · basis
presentation
noun
Lv.1
talk · briefing
presenter
noun
Lv.1
speaker · lecturer
preside
verb
Lv.2
chair · lead
proceedings
noun
Lv.2
records · sessions
projector
noun
Lv.1
display device · beamer
proponent
noun
Lv.4
advocate · supporter
propose
verb
Lv.1
put forward · suggest
proxy
noun
Lv.2
stand-in · delegated authority
proxy vote
noun
Lv.4
vote cast for an absent member · delegated vote
quorum
noun
Lv.1
minimum attendance · required number
raise
verb
Lv.1
bring up · put forward
rapport
noun
Lv.2
mutual trust · good relationship
rapprochement
noun
Lv.4
renewed harmony · reconciliation
ratification
noun
Lv.2
formal approval · confirmation
readout
noun
Lv.4
summary report · briefing
rebut
verb
Lv.3
refute · counter
rebuttal
noun
Lv.4
counter-argument · refutation
recap
noun
Lv.1
review · summary
recapitulate
verb
Lv.4
summarize · sum up
recapitulation
noun
Lv.4
concise restatement · summary review
recess
noun
Lv.2
break · pause
reconsider
verb
Lv.1
rethink · review
reconvene
verb
Lv.3
meet again · resume
rephrase
verb
Lv.2
reword · put differently
resolution
noun
Lv.2
formal decision · motion
round-robin
noun
Lv.4
turn-by-turn format · each-in-turn arrangement
roundtable
noun
Lv.2
discussion forum · open forum
roundup
noun
Lv.2
summary · recap
run-through
noun
Lv.2
rehearsal · practice run
seating
noun
Lv.1
seat arrangement · seating layout
second
verb
Lv.2
formally support · back
seminar
noun
Lv.1
lecture session · study meeting
session
noun
Lv.2
meeting period · sitting
sidebar
noun
Lv.2
aside · private chat
sign-off
noun
Lv.2
final approval · go-ahead
stakeholder
noun
Lv.2
party · interested party
standpoint
noun
Lv.3
point of view · perspective
standup
noun
Lv.2
brief meeting · daily check-in
subcommittee
noun
Lv.2
working group · panel
substantiate
verb
Lv.4
back up · prove
summarize
verb
Lv.1
recap · condense
summary
noun
Lv.1
recap · overview
summit
noun
Lv.3
top-level meeting · leaders conference
symposium
noun
Lv.4
conference · colloquium
synopsis
noun
Lv.4
brief summary · outline
table
verb
Lv.2
set aside · defer for later
takeaway
noun
Lv.2
key point · lesson learned
talking point
noun
Lv.4
point to raise in discussion · discussion note
taskforce
noun
Lv.2
special team · working unit
teleconference
noun
Lv.2
remote meeting · conference call
time slot
noun
Lv.2
time period · scheduled window
timekeeper
noun
Lv.2
time monitor · pace-keeper
turnout
noun
Lv.3
attendance · number present
ultimatum
noun
Lv.3
final demand · last warning
unanimity
noun
Lv.2
full agreement · consensus
venue
noun
Lv.1
location · site
veto
verb/noun
Lv.2
reject · block
videoconference
noun
Lv.3
video call · online meeting
vote
noun
Lv.1
ballot · poll
webcast
noun
Lv.3
online broadcast · live stream
workshop
noun
Lv.1
hands-on session · practical class
wrap-up
noun
Lv.2
summary · closing
一般
169
achievement
noun
Lv.1
accomplishment · attainment
agility
noun
Lv.2
nimbleness · quick adaptability
alignment
noun
Lv.2
agreement · coordination
ameliorate
verb
Lv.4
improve · ease
anomaly
noun
Lv.4
irregularity · deviation
apparent
adjective
Lv.2
evident · obvious
ascertain
verb
Lv.4
determine · find out
attenuate
verb
Lv.4
weaken · lessen
autonomy
noun
Lv.4
self-governance · independence
benchmark
noun
Lv.2
reference point · standard
benchmarking
noun
Lv.3
comparative evaluation · standard-based comparison
bottleneck
noun
Lv.2
choke point · obstacle
caliber
noun
Lv.4
level of quality · standard of ability
catalyst
noun
Lv.4
trigger · accelerating factor
cessation
noun
Lv.4
stopping · termination
challenge
noun
Lv.1
difficulty · demanding task
circumvent
verb
Lv.4
bypass · get around
coherent
adjective
Lv.4
logical · consistent
collaboration
noun
Lv.1
joint work · partnership
conglomerate
noun
Lv.4
diversified corporation · business group
conjecture
verb
Lv.4
guess · surmise
consolidation
noun
Lv.2
merging · combining
constituency
noun
Lv.4
support base · stakeholder group
constraint
noun
Lv.2
limitation · restriction
construe
verb
Lv.4
interpret · take to mean
contemplate
verb
Lv.3
consider · ponder
contend
verb
Lv.3
assert · maintain
cornerstone
noun
Lv.4
foundation · central basis
corroborate
verb
Lv.4
confirm · back up
criterion
noun
Lv.3
standard · benchmark
crucial
adjective
Lv.3
vital · decisive
culmination
noun
Lv.4
climax · high point
cumbersome
adjective
Lv.4
unwieldy · burdensome
deadline
noun
Lv.1
due date · cutoff
decision
noun
Lv.1
choice · resolution
decisive
adjective
Lv.3
resolute · conclusive
deduce
verb
Lv.3
conclude · reason out
deem
verb
Lv.3
consider · judge
delineate
verb
Lv.4
define · spell out
deliverable
noun
Lv.2
output · output item
demonstrate
verb
Lv.1
show · prove
denounce
verb
Lv.4
condemn · criticize openly
dilemma
noun
Lv.3
quandary · tough choice
directive
noun
Lv.2
order · official instruction
discern
verb
Lv.3
perceive · make out
discrepancy
noun
Lv.4
inconsistency · mismatch
discretion
noun
Lv.2
judgment · freedom to decide
diversification
noun
Lv.2
variety expansion · spreading out
downside
noun
Lv.2
drawback · negative aspect
drawback
noun
Lv.3
disadvantage · shortcoming
efficiency
noun
Lv.1
smooth working · low waste
effort
noun
Lv.1
exertion · work put in
endeavor
noun
Lv.2
effort · attempt
enterprise
noun
Lv.2
business · company
equilibrium
noun
Lv.4
state of balance · stable point
espouse
verb
Lv.4
embrace · adopt
establish
verb
Lv.1
set up · confirm
evaluate
verb
Lv.1
appraise · weigh up
exacerbate
verb
Lv.4
worsen · aggravate
expansion
noun
Lv.2
growth · enlargement
expertise
noun
Lv.1
know-how · specialist knowledge
extrapolate
verb
Lv.4
project · infer
fallout
noun
Lv.4
negative aftermath · adverse consequences
feasibility
noun
Lv.2
practicality · viability
feasible
adjective
Lv.4
workable · achievable
foresight
noun
Lv.4
ability to plan ahead · prudence
gauge
verb
Lv.3
assess · estimate
goal
noun
Lv.1
aim · target
gradual
adjective
Lv.2
slow · step-by-step
groundwork
noun
Lv.3
preparatory work · foundation
guideline
noun
Lv.2
recommendation · general rule
headquarters
noun
Lv.2
head office · main office
headway
noun
Lv.3
forward progress · advancement
headwind
noun
Lv.4
adverse force · obstacle
hindsight
noun
Lv.4
after-the-fact view · looking back
holistic
adjective
Lv.4
comprehensive · integrated
hurdle
noun
Lv.2
obstacle · barrier
hypothesize
verb
Lv.3
theorize · propose tentatively
imply
verb
Lv.2
suggest · hint
inception
noun
Lv.4
the beginning · the start
incorporation
noun
Lv.4
company formation · legal registration
incremental
adjective
Lv.4
gradual · step-by-step
incumbent
noun/adjective
Lv.4
current holder · established player
infer
verb
Lv.3
conclude indirectly · gather
initiative
noun
Lv.1
first move · drive
innovation
noun
Lv.2
new idea · breakthrough
interim
adjective
Lv.3
temporary · provisional
interpret
verb
Lv.3
make sense of · explain the meaning of
juxtapose
verb
Lv.4
contrast · place side by side
loophole
noun
Lv.4
legal gap · escape clause
meticulous
adjective
Lv.4
thorough · painstaking
milestone
noun
Lv.1
marker · key point
mindset
noun
Lv.3
attitude · way of thinking
mitigate
verb
Lv.3
reduce · lessen
momentum
noun
Lv.2
driving force · forward push
objective
noun
Lv.1
aim · intended result
observe
verb
Lv.1
watch · note
ongoing
adjective
Lv.2
continuing · in progress
opportunity
noun
Lv.1
chance · opening
outage
noun
Lv.3
interruption of service · temporary loss of supply
outcome
noun
Lv.1
result · end result
outlook
noun
Lv.2
forecast · prospect
outset
noun
Lv.4
beginning · start
outsourcing
noun
Lv.2
contracting out · external sourcing
overarching
adjective
Lv.4
all-embracing · governing
overhaul
verb/noun
Lv.2
thorough revision · rework
overview
noun
Lv.1
general picture · summary view
paradigm
noun
Lv.2
model · framework of thinking
pinpoint
verb
Lv.3
identify exactly · locate
ponder
verb
Lv.3
reflect on · mull over
posit
verb
Lv.4
postulate · put forward
postulate
verb
Lv.4
assume · put forward as a premise
pragmatic
adjective
Lv.4
practical · realistic
precedence
noun
Lv.4
priority · order of importance
prerequisite
noun
Lv.4
precondition · requirement
presume
verb
Lv.3
assume · suppose
priority
noun
Lv.1
precedence · what comes first
productivity
noun
Lv.1
output rate · work efficiency
proficiency
noun
Lv.2
skill · competence
progress
noun
Lv.1
advancement · headway
project
noun
Lv.1
undertaking · venture
proliferate
verb
Lv.4
multiply · spread quickly
proprietary
adjective
Lv.4
exclusively owned · privately held
prudent
adjective
Lv.4
cautious · sensible
ramification
noun
Lv.4
consequence · knock-on effect
rationale
noun
Lv.4
reasoning · justification
recalibration
noun
Lv.4
readjustment · rethinking
refute
verb
Lv.4
disprove · rebut
relevant
adjective
Lv.1
pertinent · related
resilience
noun
Lv.2
recovery ability · toughness
responsibility
noun
Lv.1
duty · accountability
restructuring
noun
Lv.2
reorganization · overhaul of structure
roadmap
noun
Lv.2
plan · step-by-step guide
routine
noun
Lv.1
regular practice · set procedure
scenario
noun
Lv.2
possible situation · projected case
scope
noun
Lv.2
extent · range
scope creep
noun
Lv.3
uncontrolled growth of a project · expanding requirements
scrutinize
verb
Lv.4
examine closely · inspect
setback
noun
Lv.3
hindrance · reversal of progress
solution
noun
Lv.1
answer · fix
stopgap
noun
Lv.4
temporary fix · interim solution
streamline
verb
Lv.2
simplify · make efficient
subsidiary
noun
Lv.2
affiliated company · controlled company
substantial
adjective
Lv.3
considerable · sizable
surmise
verb
Lv.4
infer · conjecture
surrogate
noun
Lv.4
substitute · stand-in
sustainability
noun
Lv.2
lasting viability · endurance
synergy
noun
Lv.2
combined benefit · joint advantage
synthesize
verb
Lv.4
combine · integrate
tangible
adjective
Lv.4
concrete · measurable
task
noun
Lv.1
job · assignment
teamwork
noun
Lv.1
cooperation · joint effort
threshold
noun
Lv.2
limit · cut-off point
trade-off
noun
Lv.3
compromise · give-and-take
trajectory
noun
Lv.3
development path · course over time
transparency
noun
Lv.2
openness · clarity
underscore
verb
Lv.4
emphasize · highlight
undertaking
noun
Lv.2
venture · task
upside
noun
Lv.2
advantage · bright side
venture
noun
Lv.2
risky enterprise · business project
verify
verb
Lv.1
confirm · check
versatility
noun
Lv.2
adaptability · flexibility
viability
noun
Lv.3
ability to succeed · workability
viable
adjective
Lv.2
feasible · workable
vindicate
verb
Lv.4
justify · prove right
vital
adjective
Lv.3
essential · crucial
workaround
noun
Lv.2
temporary fix · alternative method
workload
noun
Lv.1
amount of work · work burden
workplace
noun
Lv.2
place of work · work environment
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