sugar
/ˈʃʊɡə/·슈가·noun
a sweet crystalline substance
ArabicCEFR A1
Root
Sanskrit 'śarkarā' (gravel, sugar) → Arabic 'sukkar' → Medieval Latin 'succarum'
Sanskrit śarkarā → Persian shakar → Arabic sukkar → Medieval Latin succarum → Old French sucre → English sugar (13th c.)
In a word
The journey of one word is a map of trade — Sanskrit śarkarā (gravel-like crystal) → Persian shakar → Arabic sukkar. Medieval crusaders and merchants carried the word into Europe → Medieval Latin succarum → Old French sucre → English sugar. From the same Sanskrit root branched the scientific saccharin (artificial sweetener) and sucrose (cane sugar). On a single spoonful of sugar, India → Persia → Arabia → the crusades → Europe line up one after the other.
Examples
I take sugar in my tea.
Too much sugar is harmful.
Cane sugar tastes different from beet sugar.
Related
sugarysugarcanesugar-freesaccharinsucrose