Several parts combine into one character.

富 is a phonetic-semantic compound: 宀 (the "roof / house" radical) + 畐 (fú, "full / brimming" — originally a pictograph of a wine vessel filled to the brim). The composite picture is wonderfully concrete: a house with vessels of wine and goods stocked full inside = wealth, prosperity. The character preserves the agrarian-era image of wealth as a well-stocked household pantry. The phonetic component 畐 also contributes a hint of meaning: "fullness."

富 forms the canonical pair with 貧 (poor) — fullness vs scattering — covering the entire economic spectrum.

Korean reading "bu." 富者 (buja, "rich person" — everyday Korean word for the wealthy), 富裕 (buyu, affluent / wealthy), 富國 (buguk, wealthy nation), 富强 (bugang, "rich and strong" — used in slogans about national power), 豊富 (pungbu, abundant / plentiful), 貧富 (binbu, "poor and rich" = wealth gap — major political topic in Korean discourse). Korean society discusses (binbu gyeokcha, "wealth gap") constantly.

Mandarin fù, 4th tone. 富 (fù), 富有 (fùyǒu, wealthy), 丰富 (fēngfù, abundant / rich — used metaphorically for emotionally rich, knowledge-rich, etc.: 经验丰富 jīngyàn fēngfù, "rich in experience"), 财富 (cáifù, wealth), 富翁 (fùwēng, "rich elder" = rich man / millionaire — 百万富翁 bǎiwàn fùwēng = millionaire). 丰富 is one of the most useful adjectives in Mandarin.

Japanese on-reading フ (fu) — 富裕 (fuyū, affluent), 富豪 (fugō, very wealthy person / tycoon), 豊富 (hōfu, abundant), 富国 (fukoku, wealthy nation — used in the Meiji-era slogan 富国強兵 fukoku kyōhei "rich country, strong military," which guided Japanese modernization). Alternative on-reading フウ (fū) — 富貴 (fūki, wealth and rank). Kun-readings: 富む (tomu, "to be rich in") — 知識に富む (chishiki ni tomu, "rich in knowledge"); 富 (tomi, wealth — noun). And the iconic mountain: 富士山 (Fujisan, Mt. Fuji — though the etymology of "Fuji" predates Japanese kanji writing, the chosen kanji 富士 conveys "wealth and warriors," elevating the mountain's name to symbolic majesty), 富山 (Toyama, "wealthy mountain" — Japanese prefecture).

Memory aid: a roof (宀) over a vessel brimming with wine (畐) — a household full of stored riches = wealth.