clothes
clothes
🇰🇷
Korean
bok
🇯🇵
On'yomi
fuku
フク
🇨🇳
Pinyin

It's made of..

Several parts combine into one character.

3 components
left
moon
right
right
Or Again

The stroke order..

8 strokes · 5.5s
This character..

服 has one of the most surprising etymologies in CJK character history. The original was a compound: 舟 (boat) + 𠬝 (a hand pressing down on a person, depicting subjugation). The literal scene was sailors forcing captives onto a boat — "to subdue, to make submit." Critically, the left side that looks like 月 (moon / flesh) is actually a stylized form of 舟 (boat), not the body-part radical. From this dark origin of forced submission grew an unexpected semantic chain: subdue → make follow → that which is put on the body to make it conform → clothing. The character now means "clothes," "to wear," "to submit," "to take medicine" — four meanings unified by the underlying logic of "things put onto the body that the body must accept."

Korean reading "bok." 服裝 (bokjang, attire / outfit), 韓服 (hanbok, "Korean clothing" — the traditional Korean dress), 制服 (jebok, uniform), 服從 (bokjong, submission / obedience), 服用 (bokyong, "to take medicine" — extending the "wear something onto the body" metaphor to oral medication; what the body must accept), 克服 (geukbok, to overcome / conquer — "to subdue and master"). All four senses (clothing, submission, ingestion, conquest) run through Korean Sino-Korean vocabulary.

Mandarin fú, 2nd tone. 服 (fú), 衣服 (yīfu, clothes — the everyday word combining 衣 and 服), 制服 (zhìfú, uniform), 服从 (fúcóng, to obey), 服用 (fúyòng, to take medicine), and the wonderful 舒服 (shūfu, "comfortable / well-suited") — extending the metaphor: comfort is when the body and its surroundings fit like a good garment. 舒服 is one of the most common adjectives in spoken Chinese for any pleasant bodily state.

Japanese on-reading フク (fuku) — 服 (fuku, clothes — used as a standalone everyday word, unlike Korean and Chinese which prefer compounds), 制服 (seifuku, uniform — central to Japanese school culture), 洋服 (yōfuku, "Western clothes" = modern dress, contrasted with traditional), 和服 (wafuku, "Japanese clothes" = kimono and traditional wear), 服従 (fukujū, obedience). The Japanese standalone use of 服 as the bare noun for "clothes" is distinctive — Korean speakers say (native), Chinese say 衣服 (compound), but Japanese speakers say simply 服 (fuku) in casual conversation: 服を着る (fuku o kiru, "to put on clothes").

Memory aid: 舟 (boat — looks like 月) + 𠬝 (hand pressing person down) — the original "to subdue" became "to put on the body" became "clothes." The left side is a boat, not flesh.

Where you'll meet it..

🇰🇷Korean vocabulary
  • 服裝복장 · bokjangattire
  • 韓服한복 · hanbokhanbok
  • 制服제복 · jebokuniform
🇯🇵Japanese vocabulary
  • ふく · fukuclothes
  • 洋服ようふく · youfukuWestern clothes
  • 和服わふく · wafukuJapanese clothes
🇨🇳Chinese vocabulary
  • 衣服yīfuclothes
  • 舒服shūfucomfortable
  • 制服zhìfúuniform

Nearby characters..

garmentgarmentSubmitsubmitmoonmoon
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