Grade 2 (age 7-8)

grade 2 Multiplication Basics

Introduction to Multiplication

Multiplication is a short way to write repeated addition of the same number. Four plates with 3 candies each can be counted as 3 + 3 + 3 + 3, or written simply as 3 × 4. That is three taken four times, shown with the × sign. Change the rows and the size of each group: the repeated sum and the product come out the same.

Adding the Same Number Many Times?

🍎 Let's Share Apples!

①4 plates with 3 apples each

②3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 → faster way?

③3 × 4 = 12! That is multiplication

Multiplication as Arrays

Rows3

Items per Row4

💡 Arrays Make It Easy!

①Rows × items per row = total

②Repeated addition = multiplication

③× is read "times"

④Order does not change the result (3×4 = 4×3)

Grouping & Multiplication

Items per Group5

Number of Groups3

🎁 Grouping = Multiplication!

①Counting equal groups

②5 each in 3 groups = 5 × 3 = 15

③Faster than counting one by one

Summary

Meaning of Multiplication

Repeated addition = multiplication

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 3 × 4 = 12

Reading Multiplication

3 × 4 = 12 → '3 times 4 is 12'

× is the 'times' symbol

Commutative Law

3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12

Order does not change the result!

🎯 Remember!

①Multiplication = repeated addition

②Think in arrays (rows × cols)

③Use × symbol

④Order does not change result (commutative)

⑤Multiplication makes counting fast!

Examples and Unit Test

Example 1

Each plate has 4 apples. With 3 plates, how many apples in all?

Add the same number 4 three times: 4 + 4 + 4.

Written as multiplication, this is 4 × 3 = 12.

▸ 12 apples

Adding the same number repeatedly can be written simply as multiplication.

Example 2

Given 5 × 3 = 15, use it to find 3 × 5.

Multiplication gives the same answer when the order is swapped (commutative).

So 3 × 5 = 5 × 3 = 15.

▸ 15

3 × 5 and 5 × 3 give the same answer (commutative law).

Unit Test

Which multiplication correctly shows 6 + 6 + 6 + 6?

①6 × 3

②6 × 4

③4 + 4 + 4 + 4

④6 + 4

▸ ② 6 × 4

6 is added 4 times, so it is 6 × 4.

6 × 4 = 24, which equals 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24.

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Addition & Subtraction with Carrying

Multiplication Table