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Grade 1 (age 6-7)

grade 1 Carrying and Borrowing

Carry and Borrow

Carrying and borrowing are ways of bundling and unbundling numbers around ten. When the ones pass ten, as in 7 + 5, you gather ten into a bundle and carry it over; when they are too few to subtract, as in 13 − 5, you unbundle a ten. The make-ten trick is handy: for 8 + 5, add 2 to reach 10, then add the leftover 3. Slide the two numbers and the blocks gather into a ten, then break apart again.

Make a ten!

🧱 What is carrying?
①What is 7 + 5?
②Put 7 and 5 together and you have more than 10 ones
③Bundle 10 of them into a ten, and you have 1 ten and 2 ones, which is 12
④Bundling 10 ones and moving them to the tens place is called carrying

Carrying: make a ten

7
5
💡 Make a ten
①Put the blue balls on the top row together with the orange balls on the second row
②When there are more than 10, ten of them go into the green dashed box as one bundle
③The balls that don't fit stay loose and are shown in purple
④For 7 + 5, give 3 to the 7 to make 10, then add the 2 that are left
⑤If the sum is less than 10, no bundle is made

Borrowing: break a ten

13
5
📦 What is borrowing?
①In 13 − 5, 3 loose ones are not enough to take away 5
②Break the ten into ones and you have 13 ones
③Take away 5 of them and 8 are left
④The balls with red dashed outlines are the ones taken away
⑤Breaking a ten into ones so you can subtract is called borrowing

Wrap-up

Carrying
10 or more ones → make a ten
Example: 8 + 5 = 13 → 1 ten and 3 ones
Borrowing
Not enough ones → break a ten
Example: for 12 − 7, break the ten to get 12 ones, take away 7, and 5 are left
Make a ten first
8 + 5 = 8 + 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
Make 10 first, then add what is left
🎯 Remember
①10 ones make 1 ten (carrying)
②1 ten breaks into 10 ones (borrowing)
③When adding, making a ten first makes it easier
④When subtracting, break a ten if you run out of ones

Examples and unit check

Example 1
What is 7 + 6? (addition with carrying)
1
Add 3 to 7 to make 10 first. The 3 comes out of the 6.
2
That leaves 3 from the 6, so 10 + 3 = 13.
▸ 13
Make a ten first, then add what is left. That is how carrying works.
Example 2
What is 15 − 8? (subtraction with borrowing)
1
You can't take 8 away from 5 ones.
2
Break the ten to get 15 ones, then take away 8: 15 − 8 = 7.
▸ 7
When there aren't enough ones, breaking a ten is borrowing.
Unit check
Which is the value of 8 + 7?
①13
②14
③15
④16
▸ ③ 15
1
Add 2 to 8 to make 10. The 2 comes out of the 7.
2
That leaves 5 from the 7, so 10 + 5 = 15.
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Subtraction Basics
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3D Shapes

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